Impact of vaccination among COVID-19 hospitalized patients in tertiary care hospital, Islamabad, August –December 2021
- Vaccine preventable diseases
Background
Pakistan has reported 1.5 million COVID-19 patients with 30,371 deaths up until April 29, 2022. In Pakistan vaccination started in February 2021. Since then, 121 out of 229 million have been fully vaccinated. Scientific research revealed that hospitalization is reduced to 9 folds among fully vaccinated persons. This study aimed to assess effect of vaccination on COVID-19 outcome among hospitalized patients
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August to 31st December 31, 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Hospital records were reviewed to collect information of admitted patients. Any COVID-19 PCR positive patient hospitalized due to COVID-19 complication was enrolled in study. All admitted patients in hospital during the study period were enrolled. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collection demographic, clinical, and vaccination status information. Descriptive analysis was done followed by inferential analysis, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Results
Of 108 COVID-19 patients median age was 60 years (range: 20 - 93) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Among all 23% developed severe illness and were shifted to ICU. Median duration of stay at hospital was 12 days (range: 2-42 days). The Total Case fatality rate was 35% whilst 70-79 years had highest CFR (63%). Among all, 40% (n=43) were fully vaccinated. Vaccination was significantly associated with survival (VE=60%, CI: 10-80%), duration of stay <14 days (VE= 80%, CI: 30-95%). Vaccinated patients with comorbidities more likely to survive (VE = 60%, CI: 10-75%) and to have duration of hospitalization < 14 days (VE= 40%, CI: 10-80%)
Conclusion
Our study revealed that vaccination was instrumental for patient survival and reducing hospitalization days. Given low vaccination coverage and effectiveness of vaccination at reducing death and hospitalization days, we recommend enhancing vaccine uptake to reduce fatal outcomes and burden on health system.
Pakistan has reported 1.5 million COVID-19 patients with 30,371 deaths up until April 29, 2022. In Pakistan vaccination started in February 2021. Since then, 121 out of 229 million have been fully vaccinated. Scientific research revealed that hospitalization is reduced to 9 folds among fully vaccinated persons. This study aimed to assess effect of vaccination on COVID-19 outcome among hospitalized patients
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August to 31st December 31, 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Hospital records were reviewed to collect information of admitted patients. Any COVID-19 PCR positive patient hospitalized due to COVID-19 complication was enrolled in study. All admitted patients in hospital during the study period were enrolled. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collection demographic, clinical, and vaccination status information. Descriptive analysis was done followed by inferential analysis, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Results
Of 108 COVID-19 patients median age was 60 years (range: 20 - 93) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Among all 23% developed severe illness and were shifted to ICU. Median duration of stay at hospital was 12 days (range: 2-42 days). The Total Case fatality rate was 35% whilst 70-79 years had highest CFR (63%). Among all, 40% (n=43) were fully vaccinated. Vaccination was significantly associated with survival (VE=60%, CI: 10-80%), duration of stay <14 days (VE= 80%, CI: 30-95%). Vaccinated patients with comorbidities more likely to survive (VE = 60%, CI: 10-75%) and to have duration of hospitalization < 14 days (VE= 40%, CI: 10-80%)
Conclusion
Our study revealed that vaccination was instrumental for patient survival and reducing hospitalization days. Given low vaccination coverage and effectiveness of vaccination at reducing death and hospitalization days, we recommend enhancing vaccine uptake to reduce fatal outcomes and burden on health system.