Background: Tobacco use and secondhand smoking exposure are leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases globally. In Tanzania, current tobacco use estimates are outdated and lit...

Background: Non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is a major cause of HIV drug resistance and subsequent immunological and clinical failure. Stigma and discrimination are majo...

Background: Haff disease is unexplained rhabdomyolysis that occurs after eating cooked seafood. The etiology has not yet been determined. In July, 2016, the National Foodborne Disease ...

Background: In 2015, there were >12 million acute diarrheal disease (ADD) cases with 1,216 deaths reported in India with 75,347 cases and 320 deaths from Uttar Pradesh state. A susp...

Background: On August 13, 2016, students of an elementary school in Pengasih sub district were admitted to public health center for acute vomit. Investigation was done to describe the ...

Background: Mass Gatherings (MGs) carries considerable risks of communicable (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), injuries, heat related illnesses and others. “Arba’eeniya” is o...

Background: On 12 October, 2016 a measles outbreak was reported in Mayuge district. We investigated the outbreak to identify risk factors, evaluate vaccination coverage and vaccine eff...

Background: Despite the availability of guidelines for management of the victims of sexual abuse, victims attended to at Kadoma General Hospital consistently raised complaints related ...

Background: Studies on the prevalence of psychological distress in conflict affected contexts are rarely representative. We conducted a representative cross-sectional population-based ...

Background: Health-related events such as clusters of fever and diarrhea are reported in informal sources such as press, television and social media. These information sources can comp...

Background: On 23 November 2016, a trainee at Military Training Camp A died of a febrile disease. Autopsy showed purulent meninges, lung consolidation, unilateral pleural effusion, and...

Background: In 2014, infant mortality in Batken Province was 21/1000 live births, this is at least four times the rate in a developed country (2-5/1000). Batken is a remote and economi...

Background: Globally, 7.9 million infants annually are born with a serious birth defect (BD). Prevalence data on BDs are scarce in Afghanistan; modeled estimates suggest one of highest...

Background: In Bangladesh, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are reported weekly to the national immunization program from seven cities using paper-based forms submitted via...

Background: Measles is a disease that causes 134,200 deaths globally, selected for case based surveillance and has been targeted for elimination in many areas of the world including Et...

Background: In Jordan, 15% to 30% of school children and 50% of adults are smokers. The impact of smoking-related diseases in Jordan is very obvious. Smoking cessation counseling provi...

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Prevalence of HIV is 5.6% in Kenya and 19.3% in Kisumu County. We described fa...

Background: Oropouche fever (OROF) is an emerging disease in the Cusco Region, whose first cases were retrospectively confirmed, in the Epidemiological Week 52-2015, by the National Re...

Background: Chagas disease is a serious health problem in Latin America. Investigation aims was confirm the existence of the outbreak of acute Chagas’ disease (ACD) and to describe the...

Background: Four tularemia cases, from Dinar were reported to Early Warning-Response Unit on January 26, 2015. Outbreak was investigated to determine the scope, source, implement contr...

Background: In Japan, measles diagnosis has become more challenging because fewer physicians have experience diagnosing measles, especially during the progress toward measles eliminati...

Background: On date 20 February 2017, Taluka Health Officer Kot Diji of District Khairpur informed to Integrated Public Health Control Room (IPHCR) Khairpur about four deaths in last t...

Background: Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 subtype is highly pathogenic, and since its re- emergence in 2003, has spread across several continents, including Africa. Outbreaks pose a threat...

Background: SalmonellaGive is a rare serotype across Europe. In Malta, an average of 0.78 cases were reported annually from 2007-2015. In October 2016, an increase in reported S. Give ...